If you are like many managers, you may think that accountability is purely an individual issue. It is true that the way work is accomplished is through the efforts of an individual or groups of individuals. And of course individuals must carry out their commitments. But if you think this is sufficient to maintain high levels of accountability, please think again.
Organizations play a critical and essential role in making it possible for individuals to fulfill their accountabilities. Accountability is a natural outgrowth of good planning, conscious organizational design, and ongoing communication within the organization. Organizations create the container in which accountability occurs. By container, I mean the processes systems, structures and culture that enable people to:
- Know what the company is focused on accomplishing and by when.
- Understand how their particular role or job contributes to the company achieving its goals.
- Have an agreement with the employer about what is to be accomplished, by when and to what standard.
- Create linkages with others who may impact the results of their accountabilities.
- Get the training in specific skills that may be needed to do their jobs.
- Get help removing barriers and obtaining the needed resources to accomplish their goals.
Ultimately, the organization is your people and in the context of this conversation, the main person who impacts an employee’s ability to carry out their accountabilities is the immediate supervisor. Every study that has ever been done on organizational performance points to the key role the supervisor plays in how employees feel about the company and how they perform, or don’t. And supervisor in this sense applies to any manager who has others reporting to him or her. So Boards, CEO’s and senior managers are also supervisors. Creating accountability is the job of everyone who supervises starting at the top of the company.
So what are the things that must be in place to assure that the organizational container is strong and can support the individuals in the company to be successful? We feel that essential steps in building a solid accountability foundation include the following.
Step 1: Think Systemically
The first and perhaps most important step in creating accountability is viewing the need for accountability from a whole system perspective. The individual is always working inside the organization and all the systems in the organization must be consciously designed to create the structures that support individuals in being accountable.
Step 2: Have an Operational Plan
If you actually view accountability in the context of the overall plan and design of your business, you will soon realize that it must be tied to your strategies, tactics and action plans. If you do not, people may end up working on job tasks that are unrelated to your strategic focus. Accountability gets tied to strategic planning through an operational plan. And the more specific this plan is for all areas in the company, the better.
Step 3: Implement a Performance Management System
Performance management speaks directly to the job of good supervision. Some of the givens are clear and current job descriptions, good hiring practices, training and development, and ongoing coaching. It is also important to have good market driven compensation systems, solid reward and recognition programs, and effective evaluation practices. The three main components of performance management that we tend to find missing are:
- Direct linkage of the individual’s roles and responsibilities to the operational plan.
- Mutually established and understood performance expectations that are reviewed regularly (at least quarterly and more ofter where appropriate).
- Freedom to act. By this we mean, the individual is clear what their authority is and are able to exercise it without constraint.
Step 4: Ensure Individual Accountability
Once all of these things are in place, it is possible to help an employee on an individual basis be accountable. But once again, this requires a lot of set up and input from the supervisor. It must be clear that the employee is committed to the company. They must be willing to take responsibility, which means take ownership for their actions and decisions. They must be empowered which comes from the organization. This means they are given the needed authority to act. It also means they have the needed skills, support and input to be successful. Only then can accountability really occur. And in this sense accountability means doing whatever is ethically necessary to make sure the desired outcomes are realized, mistakes are corrected, and then ensuring the organization learns from those mistakes so that performance improves over time.
Step 5: Monitoring and Altering
Finally, it is critical that both the supervisor and the employee have a plan in place to constantly monitor progress of specific accountabilities. In this way, both will know that things are on track, if adjustments are needed, or if additional resources and support are required. In the absence of a good monitoring system, good plans will go awry. Then use this process to administer consequences both positive and negative. All of us want to know how we are doing both what’s working and what is not. It’s the only way we can improve. The importance of these conversations can not be over emphasized. The details of this step are another feature article that will come in a future issue. So stay tuned.
In our experience, creating organizational accountability is a major ongoing commitment of attention and resources within the company. The good news is the payoff is big. You will have more involved and committed employees who take responsibility for getting things done. Bottom line, effective accountability throughout a company is what makes the difference between poor or mediocre results and high performing individuals and teams.
Well that’s it for today. Part 3 of 5 will be posted on the blog the 19th of September, 2011. Please let me know what worked or didn’t work for you in this post and what questions you have about what was said, and most important what your thoughts are.